Simple Solar How To...
Easy 12 Volt System for Lighting or a Pump
In this guide will look at how to properly setup a small solar photovoltaic power supply. The areas covered will be Applications, System components, System Sizing and System Assembly and Operation.
Applications
This system makes a very handy stand-alone light that will run for several hours a day with charge for the battery being entirely supplied by the sun. Ideal for Garages/carports where 240V isn’t wired, also makes a great black-out back up light for those annoying storms and blackouts, and also fantastic to take camping or fishing.
System Components
The main components of the system are:
Photovoltaic Module (Solar Panel) - Captures the sun's light energy and converts this into dc electric energy
Regulator - Is used to regulate the charge to the battery and prevents overcharging or self-discharge at night. It Is fitted in between the Pv Module and Battery.
Battery - Is this system we are using a Sealed Lead Acid Battery. It stores the energy generated by the module for latter use when needed.
Switch - Used to provide a convenient way to turn light on or off easily
Compact Fluro Lamp - In this system we are using a 12 Volt DC CF Lamp
System Sizing
The following is a general rule of thumb. To size the panel, regulator and battery:
First determine how long each day the light will run. Lets say 3 hours for a example.
Secondly we need to figure out how much energy our light will use in this case we are using a 18 Watt Lamp.
To get our daily energy usage we multiply our run hours by the lamp wattage rating.
=3 hours x 18 Watts
=54 Watts
In Australia as a rough guide we receive approx 4 Peak Sun Hours per day annually. So from this a 20 Watt Pv Module will produce approx 80 Watts per day (20Watts x 4 PSH)
We could get away with a 15 Watt Pv module, however it is always a good idea to slightly oversize the Pv Module to compensate for soiling etc. So for this system we will choose the 20 Watt Module.
Now lets look at the regulator sizing, it needs to be rated to be able to handle the output from the pv module, in this case the spec sheet for our module states a Peak Current of 1.26 Amps. The regulator we have choose is a Morningstar Sunguard SG-4, it has a rating of 4.5 amps, plenty for this application.
Finally the battery size, we worked out before we will be using 56 Watts a day, now we need to work out how many Amps that is. Now to do that we divide the Wattage by the Voltage. This would be 56/12 which equals 4.66 Amps per day. For this system we are going to choose a 12 Volt 7 Amp Hour Battery, this will give us about 2 days supply even in poor weather. (More Click Here)